![]() ![]() Most neutral assessments, however, agree that India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. ĭespite the cease-fire rendering the conflict militarily inconclusive, both India and Pakistan claimed victory. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. In spite of these shortcomings, the Pakistan Army managed to fight the larger Indian Army. The war exposed Pakistan's inadequate standards of military training, its misguided selection of officers, poor command and control arrangements, poor intelligence gathering and bad intelligence procedures. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. ![]() India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. Over 1,840 km 2 (710 mi 2) of territory lost (primarily in Sialkot, Lahore, and Kashmir sectors).2602, 2575 km 2 territory gainedġ600 square miles territory gained according to Husain Haqqani.35 –59 aircraft lost In addition, Indian sources claim that there were 13 IAF aircraft lost in accidents, and 3 Indian civilian aircraft shot down.540 km 2 (210mi 2) of territory lost (primarily in Rann of Kutch).No permanent territorial changes (see Tashkent Declaration).Inconclusive United Nations mandated ceasefire. ![]()
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